生态产业科学与磷氟工程

2024年我国硫酸行业呈现全面增长态势，产能、产量、出口量、表观消费量分别达1.406亿、1.201亿、268.3万、1.175亿t，同比增幅4.4%、7.7%、7.0%、7.6%；硫酸进口量16.2万t，同比下降49.7%。磷复肥、钛白粉、己内酰胺、磷酸铁锂等下游产品需求增长，推动硫酸价格波动上行至年均295元/t，同比增长55.8%。产能结构持续调整，硫黄制酸和冶炼烟气制酸（冶炼酸）主导市场，产能占比分别达到43.7%、37.5%，硫铁矿制酸及其他制酸占比下降。新建产能集中于硫黄制酸和冶炼酸，2024年新增产能分别为807万、448万t。行业面临全球硫资源供需矛盾：下游新能源、湿法冶炼需求快速增长，而硫黄、铜矿等资源供应受制于化石能源转型和矿产开发周期，可能导致硫资源价格长期高位。未来硫酸下游需求结构将进一步向钛白粉、己内酰胺、磷酸铁锂等产品倾斜。

In 2024, sulfuric acid industry in China shows a comprehensive growth trend, with production capacity,output, export volume, and apparent consumption reaching 140.6 million tons, 120.1 million tons, 2.683 million tons and 117.5 million tons, respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of 4.4%, 7.7%, 7.0% and 7.6%; The import volume of sulfuric acid is 162 000 tons, with a year-on-year decrease of 49.7%. The growing demand for downstream products such as phosphate compound fertilizer, titanium dioxide, caprolactam and lithium iron phosphate has driven up the fluctuation of sulfuric acid prices to an average of 295 RMB Yuan/t per year, with a year-on-year increase of 55.8%. The production capacity structure continues to adjust, with sulfur based acid production and smelting acid dominating the market, accounting for 43.7% and 37.5% of production capacity respectively. The proportion of sulfuric acid production from pyrite and other sulfuric acid production has decreased. The newly built production capacity is concentrated in sulfur based acid and smelting acid, with an additional capacity of 8.07 million tons and 4.48 million tons respectively in 2024. The industry is facing a global contradiction between sulfur resource supply and demand: Downstream demand for new energy and wet smelting is rapidly increasing, while the supply of sulfur, copper and other resources is constrained by the transformation of fossil energy and the development cycle of mineral resources, which may lead to long-term high sulfur resource prices. The future demand structure of sulfuric acid will further tilt towards emerging fields such as titanium dioxide,caprolactam and lithium iron phosphate.