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针对磷矿浮选尾矿利用率低及传统水泥基充填材料成本偏高、碳排放量大等问题，以磷矿正反浮选尾矿为主要原料，采用普通硅酸盐水泥作为基础胶凝组分，利用煅烧磷尾矿、磷石膏部分替代水泥，并外加聚羧酸高效减水剂，制备固废基胶结充填材料。系统研究原料配比、固废替代比例、外加减水剂对充填体成型性能及抗压强度的影响，并结合水化过程与物相变化揭示材料硬化机制。实验结果表明，在磷矿正浮选尾矿体系下，充填最优磷尾矿与水泥质量比为12∶1，养护时间3、14 d的抗压强度分别为1.12、1.31 MPa。煅粉替代水泥后，养护3、14 d试块无法脱模，28 d抗压强度最高1.27 MPa。掺入0.8%减水剂，抗压强度升至1.668 MPa。采用磷石膏复配，28 d抗压强度最高达2.635 MPa。在磷矿反浮选尾矿体系下，充填最优磷尾矿与水泥质量比12∶1，养护时间14、28 d抗压强度分别为2.34、2.42 MPa。煅粉替代水泥早期难以脱模，28 d抗压强度仅0.28～1.03 MPa。当掺入0.8%减水剂后，水泥与煅粉质量比为0.75∶0.25时抗压强度最高（1.402 MPa）。当水泥与磷石膏质量比为0.9∶0.1时，28 d抗压强度为2.894 MPa，综合性能更佳。反浮选尾矿充填体系的抗压强度优于正浮选尾矿体系。经配比优化后的充填材料能够满足矿山井下充填的强度标准，实现磷尾矿、磷石膏等大宗工业固废协同资源化处理，降低充填成本，为磷系固废绿色低碳利用及绿色矿山建设提供技术参考。
Abstract：Aiming at the low utilization rate of flotation phosphorus tailings,high cost and high carbon emissions of traditional cement-based backfills,cemented backfill materials based on solid wastes are prepared using positive and reverse flotation phosphorus tailings. Cement is partially replaced by calcined phosphorus tailings and phosphogypsum,and polycarboxylate superplasticizer(water reducing agent)is added. The effects of raw material ratio,solid waste replacement rate and admixture content on material performance are investigated,and the hardening mechanism is analyzed via hydration and phase characteristics. The results show that under the positive flotation phosphorus tailings system,the optimal mass ratio of phosphorus tailings to cement for filling is 12∶1,the compressive strengths are 1.12 MPa and 1.31 MPa after 3 days and 14 days of curing,respectively. After replacing cement with calcined powder,the test blocks can not be demolded after 3 and 14 days of curing,and the compressive strength reaches a maximum of 1.27 MPa after 28 days. By adding 0.8% water reducing agent,the compressive strength is increased to 1.668 MPa. Using phosphogypsum compound,the maximum compressive strength after 28 days of curing can reach 2.635 MPa. Under the reverse flotation phosphorus tailings system,the optimal mass ratio of phosphorus tailings to cement for filling is 12∶1,and the compressive strengths are 2.34 MPa and 2.42 MPa after 14 and 28 days of curing. The use of calcined powder as a substitute for cement is difficult to demold in the early stages,with a compressive strength of only 0.28-1.03 MPa after 28 days. After adding 0.8% water reducing agent,the maximum compressive strength is 1.402 MPa when the mass ratio of cement to calcined powder is 0.75∶0.25. When the mass ratio of cement to phosphogypsum is 0.9∶0.1,the compressive strength after 28 days is 2.894 MPa,indicating better overall performance. Reverse flotation tailings deliver better compressive strength. This approach realizes the collaborative utilization of bulk industrial solid wastes,such as phosphorus tailings and phosphogypsum,reduces filling costs,and supports the green and low-carbon utilization of phosphorus solid waste and the construction of green mines.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TD926.4
引用信息:
[1]董颢敏,刘明霞,姚兆辉,等.磷矿浮选尾矿复合固废制备胶结充填材料实验研究[J].生态产业科学与磷氟工程,2026,41(09):7-13+27.
基金信息:
湖北三峡实验室开放基金(No.SC250003)
2026-09-15
2026-09-15